Home » Microbiology » EVALUATION OF ELEPHANT GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUM) AS SUBSTRATE FOR BIOETHANOL ...
EVALUATION OF ELEPHANT GRASS (PENNISETUM PURPUREUM) AS SUBSTRATE FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING CO-CULTURES OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Sold By: Joe Project Store | Item Type: Project Material | Report this? | Attributes: 65 pages | 1-5 chapters | Amount: ₦5,000 | Marked useful: 5,855 times
Delivery: Within 24 hoursABSTRACT
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated for its ethanol production potential using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeisolated from local sources. Proximate and lignocellulose analysis carried out on the plant sample showed that it had crude fibre, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose contents of 31.5%, 26.78%, 18.76% and 34.16% respectively. Aspergillus niger strains were isolated from soil and bread and were further screened for both qualitative and quantitative cellulase production. Qualitative cellulase assay revealed clear zones around colonies indicative of enzyme activity on solid agar medium containing 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for all the isolates. Quantitative cellulase assay showed that A. niger isolate AN-15 from soil gave highest cellulase yield of (0.1792 IU/ml/min) and was therefore selected as a co-culture with
S. cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were isolated from palm wine and burukutu.Isolate PW-4 was selected for fermentation based on ethanol tolerance tests and assimilation of more sugars compared to other isolates. Fermentation of grass substrate was carried out at different concentrations ranging from 2-10% and highest ethanol yield of 1.68g/100ml was observed at an optimum substrate concentration of 6% though the yield was much less than that obtained from equal concentration of glucose (8.38g/100ml). Optimization of culture parameters for ethanol production showed maximum ethanol yield at pH 5, 35oC and agitation rate of 300 rpm. The results of the research also revealed that ethanol production by S. cerevisiae beyond the fourth day of fermentation is significantly reduced.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Ethanol fuel, ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH), is the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is an oxygenated fuel with a high octane value like that of petroleum fuels known to run combustion engines at higher compression ratios and thus provides superior performance (Wheals et al., 1999). The blending of ethanol into petroleum-based automobile fuels can significantly decrease petroleum use and decrease the release of greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, ethanol can be a safer alternative to the common additive, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), in gasoline. Methyl tertiary butyl ether is toxic and is a known contaminant in ground water. Thus, ethanol can be a substitute to mitigate the problems associated with the rising energy demands across the world as well as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emission to as high as 85% (Perlack et al., 2005).
Ethanol may be produced either from petroleum products or from biomass substrate. Today, most of the ethanol produced comes from renewable resources (Bothast and Saha, 1997). Although, most of the ethanol currently produced from renewable resources come from sugarcane and starchy grains, significant efforts are being made to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass (almost 50% of all biomass in the biosphere such as agricultural residues are lignocellulosic biomass). The technological advances in recent years are promising to produce ethanol at low cost from lignocellulosic biomass (Bothast and Saha, 1997).
Bioethanol production from sugarcane and starch-rich feed stocks such as corn, potato, is considered a first generation process because it has already been developed (Joshi et al., 2011).
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
Find What You Want By Category:
Delivery: Within 24 hours
Advertise Here
For advertisement, call 08168958821
Not what you were looking for? Perform a search
What's your project topic?
Comment on Facebook:
Related Project Materials
- 1.
ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTO...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichial Coli isolate from apparently healthy domestic livesto...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 24,076 engagements |
- 2.
PREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM NASAL PAS...
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Cattle are large bodied ruminants that feed on pastures and forages or fodder. In Nigeria, cattle...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 14,178 engagements |
- 3.
ISOLATION AND SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA ISOLATE FROM VAGINAL DISCHARGE TO ANTIBIOTICS
CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 Background of the Study Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, particularly pressing in developing...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 24,263 engagements |
- 4.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINE AND ALCOHOL DISINFECTANTS
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Antiseptics and disinfectants are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety ...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 24,598 engagements |
- 5.
MAIZE ADJUNCT IN THE SORGHUM BEER BREWING
ABSTRACT This research work was on maize (Zea may) abject in sorghum vulgare) beer brewing the sorghum was malted and milled. Malting was achieved ...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 11,995 engagements |
- 6.
MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF YOGHURT
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Yoghurt is a fermented dairy product obtained from the lactic acid fermentation of milk. It is one of the most popul...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 30,979 engagements |